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The Haroharo Caldera (Haroharo volcanic complex) is a postulated volcanic feature in Taupō Volcanic Zone of the
The Haroharo Caldera is within the older and larger Ōkataina Caldera and its boundaries in geological terms are related mainly to the Matahina and Rotoiti sub-calderas which were formed in single eruption sequences. It is therefore not regarded as a caldera in its own right formed by one single event and there have been many attempts to rationalise the literature. There have been multiple significant eruptions from the Haroharo vent line, that is parallel and to the north of the Mount Tarawera vent line also within the Ōkataina Caldera. There has been a large amount of dome infilling that refer to the name but the Ōkataina complex volcano appears to have emerged as a better name than the Haroharo volcano to understand the processes that have happened in this portion of the Taupō Volcanic Zone.
Within the Haroharo vent line there was a VEI-5 volcanic eruption about 6060 BCE producing about of eruptive material and one about 2000 years later that produced of material. Both the Okareka Embayment and the Tarawera Volcanic Complex are adjacent to the Haroharo Caldera which older maps had overlapping the Okataina caldera as part of the Ōkataina volcanic centre Citing and sometimes defined as the Haroharo volcanic complex. With its linear parallel young vent alignment to those of the similarly young in geological terms Tarawera volcano, this means it is now usually regarded as a subsidiary volcanic part of the Ōkataina Caldera which in the last 21,000 years has contributed a total magma eruptive volume greater than about .
North Island
The North Island, also officially named Te Ika-a-Māui, is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the larger but much less populous South Island by the Cook Strait. The island's area is , making it the world's 14th-largest ...
, New Zealand within the larger and older Ōkataina Caldera. Since 2010 further studies have tended to use the terms Haroharo vent alignment, Utu Caldera
Utu (dUD "Sun"), also known under the Akkadian name Shamash, ''šmš'', syc, ܫܡܫܐ ''šemša'', he, שֶׁמֶשׁ ''šemeš'', ar, شمس ''šams'', Ashurian Aramaic: 𐣴𐣬𐣴 ''š'meš(ā)'' was the ancient Mesopotamian sun god. ...
, Matahina Caldera, Rotoiti Caldera
The Rotoiti Caldera is a postulated, mainly infilled sub caldera of the Ōkataina Caldera based upon gravitational and magnetic evidence. While bathymetry of Lake Rotoiti is consistent with volcanic vents being present, they could be in an area ...
and a postulated Kawerau Caldera
Kawerau is a town in the Bay of Plenty region of the North Island of New Zealand. It is situated 100 km south-east of Tauranga and 58 km east of Rotorua. It is the seat of the Kawerau District Council, and the only town in Kawerau Distric ...
to the features assigned to it. However the name is used in the peer reviewed literature to summarise these features.
Geography
In the north the Haroharo Caldera extended from the eastern half of Lake Rotoiti to the western border of Lake Rotoma. Its southern extent was defined by the Tarawera volcano. A recent analysis is consistent with the south western structural boundary being in the eastern portions ofLake Tarawera
Lake Tarawera is the largest of a series of lakes which surround the volcano Mount Tarawera in the North Island of New Zealand. Like the mountain, it lies within the Okataina caldera. It is located to the east of Rotorua, and beneath the pea ...
.
Geology
The Haroharo Caldera is within the older and larger Ōkataina Caldera and its boundaries in geological terms are related mainly to the Matahina and Rotoiti sub-calderas which were formed in single eruption sequences. It is therefore not regarded as a caldera in its own right formed by one single event and there have been many attempts to rationalise the literature. There have been multiple significant eruptions from the Haroharo vent line, that is parallel and to the north of the Mount Tarawera vent line also within the Ōkataina Caldera. There has been a large amount of dome infilling that refer to the name but the Ōkataina complex volcano appears to have emerged as a better name than the Haroharo volcano to understand the processes that have happened in this portion of the Taupō Volcanic Zone.
Within the Haroharo vent line there was a VEI-5 volcanic eruption about 6060 BCE producing about of eruptive material and one about 2000 years later that produced of material. Both the Okareka Embayment and the Tarawera Volcanic Complex are adjacent to the Haroharo Caldera which older maps had overlapping the Okataina caldera as part of the Ōkataina volcanic centre Citing and sometimes defined as the Haroharo volcanic complex. With its linear parallel young vent alignment to those of the similarly young in geological terms Tarawera volcano, this means it is now usually regarded as a subsidiary volcanic part of the Ōkataina Caldera which in the last 21,000 years has contributed a total magma eruptive volume greater than about .
References
{{Reflist, 32em Taupō Volcanic Zone Calderas of New Zealand Rift volcanoes Okataina Volcanic Centre VEI-5 volcanoes Holocene calderas